The introduction of electronic versions of scholarly research journals complicates the process by introducing a new interface. For both academicians and practitioners, these norms have developed over centuries and play an important role in making decisions about the quality and reliability of a journal. Using the process surrounding the adoption of a scholarly electronic journal as an example, we see that potential users of a scholarly electronic journal must not only change how they interact with journals, but also must make adjustments to a set of cultural and social norms concerning their accustomed scholarly communication. Rogers' general model of innovation adoption can be used as the basis for the development of a model for the study of HCI in a broader social context. (See Figure 1.) This model is one of the most widely tested and cited models of adoption, and it has been found to be an effective framework for research on the adoption of a variety of innovations. Rogers in his 1995 book, Diffusion of Innovations, provides a more complex picture of the technology adoption process. Unlike the traditional models in HCI, which focused primarily on the characteristics that tapped the user's objective performance with the tool and the user's subjective perception of ease of use, the model of adoption presented by E. The theory concerning individual adoption and diffusion of innovations through a social system provides a general framework for examining user attitudes toward using a technology-based innovation. The new model of HCI research, which includes the user's social and organizational context, brings research in HCI closer to research which focuses on the adoption of technology innovations. Recent research has shown that those organizations wishing to deploy an electronic scholarly journal should consider expanding their user evaluation process beyond ease of use to include these social issues. The scholarly journal plays a central role in the community of scholars and over the past few decades, a set of social and organizational norms surrounding these journals has evolved. An excellent example is the introduction of electronic, scholarly journals.
While ease of use still plays a central role, factors such as compatibility with an individual's work style, impact on social and organizational norms, overall usefulness and relative advantage all need to be considered when evaluating an information technology (IT) product.Ĭonsideration of these issues is even more important when the IT product is presented as a replacement for an existing product that is integral to the foundations of a social system. However, the ever increasing role that computer applications play in all phases of knowledge work has led to the call to broaden the scope of HCI beyond the traditional measures of ease of use and consider all aspects of the users' social and organizational context. From its inception, the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has focused on ease of use as a primary determinant for user acceptance of computer applications.
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